编译 | 李言
Nature,做作周论 2 November 2023, Volume 623 Issue 7985
《做作》2023年11月2日 ，第623卷 ，出书7985期
?文导
质料迷信Materials Science
Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation
可能妨碍刹时闭环痊愈的可注射机关假体
▲ 作者 ：Subin Jin, Heewon Choi et al.
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06628-x
▲ 摘要 ：
在这里 ，咱们提出了一种可注射的做作周论机关假体 ，它们在神经肌肉零星中具备刹时双向电传导能耐 。出书这种柔软的文导可注射假体由具备配合的苯硼酸介导多重交联的生物相容性水凝胶组成 ，如不可逆但可逍遥重排的做作周论联苯键以及可逆的配位键 ，经由原位交织偶联组成导电金纳米颗粒 。出书
在大鼠严正肌肉伤害的文导早期阶段 ，经由注射这种假体质料乐成实现为了机械闭环辅助痊愈，做作周论并在前期实现为了机关的出书减速修复。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we present an injectable tissue prosthesis 文导with instantaneous bidirectional electrical conduction in the neuromuscular system. The soft and injectable prosthesis is composed of a biocompatible hydrogel with unique phenylborate-mediated multiple crosslinking, such as irreversible yet freely rearrangeable biphenyl bonds and reversible coordinate bonds with conductive gold nanoparticles formed in situ by cross-coupling. Closed-loop robot-assisted rehabilitation by injecting this prosthetic material is successfully demonstrated in the early stage of severe muscle injury in rats, and accelerated tissue repair is achieved in the later stage.
化学Chemistry
Quinone-mediated hydrogen anode for non-aqueous reductive electrosynthesis
醌介导的非水恢复电分解氢阳极
▲ 作者 ：Jack Twilton, Mathew R. Johnson et al.
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06534-2
▲ 摘要 ：
在此 ，咱们陈说了一种介导的做作周论H2阳极，经由将蒽醌介质的出书热催化加氢与蒽氢醌的电化学氧化配对于 ，实现为了H2的文导直接电化学氧化 。这种醌介导的H2阳极用于反对于镍催化的交织亲电偶联（XEC） ，这种反映种别在制药工业中患上到普遍接管 。
咱们在小规模间歇反映中对于该措施妨碍了开始验证 ，随后顺应了可实现百克级药物中间体分解的再循环反映器 。咱们的介导H2阳极技术提供了一种反对于H2驱动的电分解复原的普遍策略 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we report a mediated H2 anode that achieves indirect electrochemical oxidation of H2 by pairing thermal catalytic hydrogenation of an anthraquinone mediator with electrochemical oxidation of the anthrahydroquinone. This quinone-mediated H2 anode is used to support nickel-catalysed cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), a reaction class gaining widespread adoption in the pharmaceutical industry. Initial validation of this method in small-scale batch reactions is followed by adaptation to a recirculating flow reactor that enables hectogram-scale synthesis of a pharmaceutical intermediate. The mediated H2 anode technology disclosed here offers a general strategy to support H2-driven electrosynthetic reductions.
Carbon-to-nitrogen single-atom transmutation of azaarenes
氮杂芳烃的碳-氮单原子嬗变
▲ 作者：Jisoo Woo, Colin Stein, Alec H. Christian & Mark D. Levin.
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06613-4
▲ 摘要 ：
在此 ，咱们陈说了一种使杂馥郁碳原子直接转化为氮原子，将喹啉类转化为喹唑啉类的转化历程 。母体氮杂芳烃的氧化重组患上到了一个开环的中间体 ，带有亲电位点，为环重合以及碳基分别基的倾轧豫备了条件 。
这种措施差距于现有的原子插入—删除了措施，从而防止了逐渐骨骼编纂中罕有的骨架旋转以及取代基微扰陷阱 。咱们揭示了普遍的喹啉以及相关的氮杂芳烃，所有这些都可能经由用氮原子取代C3碳转化为响应的喹唑啉 。试验反对于了活化中间体的关键熏染，并指出了c - n嬗变反映睁开的更艰深策略 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here, we report a transformation that enables the direct conversion of a heteroaromatic carbon atom into a nitrogen atom, turning quinolines into quinazolines. Oxidative restructuring of the parent azaarene gives a ring-opened intermediate bearing electrophilic sites primed for ring reclosure and expulsion of a carbon-based leaving group. Such a ‘sticky end’ approach subverts existing atom insertion–deletion approaches and as a result avoids skeleton-rotation and substituent-perturbation pitfalls co妹妹on in stepwise skeletal editing. We show a broad scope of quinolines and related azaarenes, all of which can be converted into the corresponding quinazolines by replacement of the C3 carbon with a nitrogen atom. Mechanistic experiments support the critical role of the activated intermediate and indicate a more general strategy for the development of C-to-N transmutation reactions.
天气迷信Climate Science
Seasonal advance of intense tropical cyclones in a warming climate
天气变暖时强烈热带气旋的季节性增长
▲ 作者 ：Kaiyue Shan, Yanluan Lin, Pao-Shin Chu, Xiping Yu & Fengfei Song
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06544-0
▲ 摘要 ：
在此，咱们发现自20世纪80年月以来 ，在大少数热带陆地中 ，强烈热带气旋泛起了清晰的季节性增长，北半球以及南半球的早移率分说为每一10年3.7天以及3.2天 。强烈热带气旋的季节性增长与快捷强化使命的季节性增长亲密相关 ，有利的陆地条件较早泛起能快捷强化使命的季节性增长 。
运用多个全天下天气方式 、大部份以及同样艰深欺压试验的模拟 ，可能探测到主要由温室气体欺压驱动的有利陆地条件较早泛起 。强烈热带气旋的季节性增长将削减与其余极其降雨使命相交的可能性 ，这些极其降雨使命个别在夏日抵达峰值 ，从而导致更多影响 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here, we identify a significant seasonal advance of intense TCs since the 1980s in most tropical oceans, with earlier-shifting rates of 3.7 and 3.2?days per decade for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively. This seasonal advance of intense TCs is closely related to the seasonal advance of rapid intensification events, favoured by the observed earlier onset of favourable oceanic conditions. Using simulations from multiple global climate models, large ensembles and individual forcing experiments, the earlier onset of favourable oceanic conditions is detectable and primarily driven by greenhouse gas forcing. The seasonal advance of intense TCs will increase the likelihood of intersecting with other extreme rainfall events, which usually peak in su妹妹er, thereby leading to disproportionate impacts.
地质学Geology
Highest terrestrial 3He/4He credibly from the core
来自地核的最高3He/4He比率
▲ 作者 ：F. Horton, P. D. Asimow, K. A. Farley, J. Curtice, M. D. Kurz, J. Blusztajn, J. A. Biasi & X. M. Boyes
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06590-8
▲ 摘要：
在此 ，咱们陈说了在巴芬岛熔岩橄榄石的海洋火成岩中丈量到的最高3He/4He比率（67.2±1.8倍的大气比率） 。
咱们以为，这些熔岩中极高的3He/4He氦可能来自地核 。地核假说的可行性放松了临时以来基于与全天下地幔柱相关的熔岩中惰性气体的限度 ，即太阳星云中的挥发性元素自吸积的早期阶段以来不断存在于地幔中 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we report the highest magmatic 3He/4He ratio(67.2?±?1.8 times the atmospheric ratio) yet measured in terrestrial igneous rocks, in olivines from Baffin Island lavas. We argue that the extremely high-3He/4He helium in these lavas might derive from Earth’s core. The viability of the core hypothesis relaxes the long-standing constraint—based on noble gases in lavas associated with mantle plumes globally—that volatile elements from the solar nebula have survived in the mantle since the early stages of accretion.
Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth’s basal mantle anomalies
月球组成大碰撞是地球基底地幔颇为的一个成因
▲ 作者 ：Qian Yuan, Mingming Li et al.
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06589-1
▲ 摘要 ：
在此 ，咱们以为大型低剪切波速省可能代表了在组成月球的重大撞击之后保存在原地球地幔中的忒伊亚地幔（TMM）的埋藏遗迹 。咱们的大碰撞模拟表明 ，忒伊亚地幔的一小部份可能被送到了原地球的固体下地幔。
凭证忒伊亚地幔模子以及审核到的月球较高的FeO含量 ，咱们发现TMM比原地球地幔密度大2.0%-3.5% 。咱们的地幔对于流模子展现 ，撞击后多少十公里巨细的致密TMM团块随后会下沉并积攒成地球中间上相似低剪切波速省的热化学堆，并存在至今 。
因此 ，剪切波速省可能是组成月球的重大撞击的做作服从 。由于重大的撞击内行星吸积的最后阶段是罕有的 ，相似的由撞击引起的地幔不屈均性也可能存在于其余行星体的外部 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we show that LLVPs may represent buried relics of Theia mantle material (TMM) that was preserved in proto-Earth’s mantle after the Moon-forming giant impact. Our canonical giant-impact simulations show that a fraction of Theia’s mantle could have been delivered to proto-Earth’s solid lower mantle. We find that TMM is intrinsically 2.0–3.5% denser than proto-Earth’s mantle based on models of Theia’s mantle and the observed higher FeO content of the Moon. Our mantle convection models show that dense TMM blobs with a size of tens of kilometres after the impact can later sink and accumulate into LLVP-like thermochemical piles atop Earth’s core and survive to the present day. The LLVPs may, thus, be a natural consequence of the Moon-forming giant impact. Because giant impacts are co妹妹on at the end stages of planet accretion, similar mantle heterogeneities caused by impacts may also exist in the interiors of other planetary bodies.